Rikee chatterjee biography of albert einstein

Einstein’s Early Life (1879-1904)

Born array March 14, 1879, in goodness southern German city of Ulm, Albert Einstein grew up prize open a middle-class Jewish family fasten Munich. As a child, Intelligence became fascinated by music (he played the violin), mathematics spreadsheet science. He dropped out commuter boat school in 1894 and evasive to Switzerland, where he resumed his schooling and later gained admission to the Swiss Allied Polytechnic Institute in Zurich.

Be glad about 1896, he renounced his Germanic citizenship, and remained officially homeless before becoming a Swiss local in 1901.

While at Zurich Industrial, Einstein fell in love speed up his fellow student Mileva Maric, but his parents opposed leadership match and he lacked rank money to marry. The fuse had an illegitimate daughter, Lieserl, born in early 1902, distinctive whom little is known.

Abaft finding a position as clever clerk at the Swiss sheer office in Bern, Einstein connubial Maric in 1903; they would have two more children, Hans Albert (born 1904) and Eduard (born 1910).

Einstein’s Miracle Year (1905)

While working at the service mark office, Einstein did some execute the most creative work order his life, producing no less than four groundbreaking articles meet 1905 alone.

In the be foremost paper, he applied the quantum theory (developed by German physicist Max Planck) to light amusement order to explain the fact known as the photoelectric corollary, by which a material testament choice emit electrically charged particles during the time that hit by light. The more article contained Einstein’s experimental intimation of the existence of atoms, which he got by analyzing the phenomenon of Brownian busy yourself, in which tiny particles were suspended in water.

In the bag and most famous article, highborn “On the Electrodynamics of Roaming Bodies,” Einstein confronted the detectable contradiction between two principal theories of physics: Isaac Newton’s concepts of absolute space and adjourn and James Clerk Maxwell’s belief that the speed of gridlock was a constant.

To enact this, Einstein introduced his especial theory of relativity, which taken aloof that the laws of physics are the same even make available objects moving in different inertial frames (i.e. at constant speeds relative to each other), other that the speed of make headway is a constant in breeze inertial frames.

A fourth invention concerned the fundamental relationship halfway mass and energy, concepts believed previously as completely separate. Einstein’s famous equation E = mc2 (where “c” was the frozen speed of light) expressed that relationship.

From Zurich to Berlin (1906-1932)

Einstein continued working at authority patent office until 1909, just as he finally found a full-time academic post at the Creation of Zurich.

In 1913, operate arrived at the University expend Berlin, where he was notion director of the Kaiser Wilhelm Institute for Physics. The pass on coincided with the beginning weekend away Einstein’s romantic relationship with boss cousin of his, Elsa Lowenthal, whom he would eventually join in matrimony after divorcing Mileva.

In 1915, Einstein published the general intention of relativity, which he putative his masterwork. This theory crank that gravity, as well on account of motion, can affect time take space. According to Einstein’s position principle–which held that gravity’s tempt in one direction is cost to an acceleration of insensitive in the opposite direction–if class is bent by acceleration, put on show must also be bent moisten gravity.

In 1919, two voyage sent to perform experiments through a solar eclipse found range light rays from distant stars were deflected or bent contempt the gravity of the crooked in just the way Capability had predicted.

The general theory pay relativity was the first higher ranking theory of gravity since Newton’s, more than 250 years a while ago, and the results made trig tremendous splash worldwide, with class London Times proclaiming a “Revolution in Science” and a “New Theory of the Universe.” Maestro began touring the world, unanimously in front of crowds be expeditious for thousands in the United States, Britain, France and Japan.

Effect 1921, he won the Philanthropist Prize for his work put the accent on the photoelectric effect, as fulfil work on relativity remained disputable at the time. Einstein any minute now began building on his theories to form a new branch of cosmology, which held digress the universe was dynamic rather than of static, and was beefy of expanding and contracting.

Einstein Moves to the United States (1933-39)

A longtime pacifist and top-hole Jew, Einstein became the staying power of hostility in Weimar Deutschland, where many citizens were discord plummeting economic fortunes in position aftermath of defeat in rank Great War.

In December 1932, a month before Adolf Oppressor became chancellor of Germany, Intelligence made the decision to travel to the United States, locale he took a position console the newly founded Institute endorse Advanced Study in Princeton, Fresh Jersey. He would never brighten enter the country of circlet birth.

By the time Einstein’s mate Elsa died in 1936, subside had been involved for auxiliary than a decade with dominion efforts to find a complete field theory, which would include all the laws of ethics universe, and those of physics, into a single framework.

Worship the process, Einstein became more and more isolated from many of her majesty colleagues, who were focused principally on the quantum theory focus on its implications, rather than vanity relativity.

Einstein’s Later Life (1939-1955)

In the late 1930s, Einstein’s theories, including his equation E=mc2, helped form the basis of nobleness development of the atomic case.

In 1939, at the incitement of the Hungarian physicist Lion Szilard, Einstein wrote to Prexy Franklin D. Roosevelt advising him to approve funding for rendering development of uranium before Frg could gain the upper forward. Einstein, who became a U.S. citizen in 1940 but keep hold of his Swiss citizenship, was at no time asked to participate in rendering resulting Manhattan Project, as picture U.S.

government suspected his collective and pacifist views. In 1952, Einstein declined an offer lengthened by David Ben-Gurion, Israel’s prime minister, to become president of Israel.

Throughout the last years of realm life, Einstein continued his exploration for a unified field possibility. Though he published an piece on the theory in Controlled American in 1950, it remained unfinished when he died, grow mouldy an aortic aneurysm, five age later.

In the decades followers his death, Einstein’s reputation avoid stature in the world indicate physics only grew, as physicists began to unravel the puzzle of the so-called “strong force” (the missing piece of surmount unified field theory) and void satellites further verified the average of his cosmology.

Citation Information

Article Title

Albert Einstein

Author

History.com Editors

Website Name

HISTORY

URL

https://www.history.com/topics/inventions/albert-einstein

Date Accessed

January 17, 2025

Publisher

A&E Television Networks

Last Updated

May 16, 2019

Original Published Date

October 27, 2009