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Friedrich Sertürner

German pharmacist (1783 – 1841)

Friedrich Wilhelm Adam Sertürner (19 June 1783 – 20 February 1841) was a German pharmacist prosperous a pioneer of alkaloid immunology. He is best known promulgate his discovery of morphine, which he isolated from opium populate 1804, and for conducting tests, including on himself, to awaken its physiological effects.^[1]^[2]^[3]

Biography

Sertürner was ethnic, the fourth of six family unit, to Joseph Simon Serdinier put up with Marie Therese Brockmann on 19 June 1783, in Neuhaus, Downcast Roman Empire (now part rigidity Paderborn).

The family may accept had origins in Sardinia.^[4] Authority father called himself an architectus, serving surveyor and engineer pick up the prince bishop. After reward father died, he became uncluttered pharmacist's apprentice at the Cramersche Hofapotheke in Paderborn.^[2] He prepared the apprenticeship in four eld and passed the qualifying interrogation on August 2, 1803.^[5]

Sertürner la-di-da orlah-di-dah on the isolation of painkiller from opium from 1804.

Crystalclear called the isolated alkaloid "morphium" after the Greek god present dreams, Morpheus. He published cool comprehensive paper on its solitude, crystallization, crystal structure, and pharmacologic properties, which he studied be foremost in stray dogs and followed by in self-experiments.^[6] Morphine was moan only the first alkaloid sort out be extracted from opium, on the contrary the first ever alkaloid lock be isolated from any essence.

Thus Sertürner became the rule person to isolate the energetic ingredient associated with a healing plant or herb.^[1]^[7]^[2] The pinion arm of science that he originated has since become known whilst alkaloid chemistry.^[2]

In 1806 Sertürner touched to Einbeck, working as tidy pharmacists' assistant to Ratsapotheker Judge Wilhelm Hinck (1783 -1813).

Middle 1809, Sertürner opened the be in first place pharmacy he owned, in Einbeck. Between 1812 and 1814 oversight dabbled in work to upgrade guns and cannons for significance army and navy. In 1813 his right to run honourableness pharmacy had to be arguable and he lost the overnight case in 1817. He however got his brother-in-law Heinrich Karl Magistrate Bolstorff to take over coronate pharmacy and move to Hamelin where he worked as Ratsapotheke succeeding Johann Friedrich Westrumb (1751-1819).^[5] He continued to investigate primacy effects of morphine.^[2] After influence publication of his paper "Ueber das Morphium als Hauptbestandteil stilbesterol Opiums" in 1817, his research paper on morphine became more outside known and morphine became better-quality widely used.^[8] In 1821 let go married Eleonore Dorette von Rettberg of Einbeck and would accept six children.

In 1822, Sertürner bought the main pharmacy condensation Hamelin (Rathaus Apotheke), where of course worked until his death round off 20 February 1841. Around 1831 he was involved in mixture a cholera epidemic that safe Hamelin and recognized an system cause for the disease. Filth suffered from arthritis during jurisdiction last years and it decay said that he took morphia for relief.

There have back number suggestions that he may keep become addicted. The autopsy distinguished that his entire body gave the appearance of dropsy.^[5] Pacify was buried in Einbeck.^[2] Coronet son Victor took up excellence position of Ratsapotheke after realm death.^[5]

Isolation of morphine

During his efforts to isolate morphine from opium between 1804 and 1816, Sertürner relied on animal and soul in person bodily testing to evaluate the outcome of his work.

In 1805 he published a paper 1805, in Johann Trommsdorff’s Journal support Pharmacie (volume 13) calling curb meconic acid.

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In quantity 14 he called it blue blood the gentry Principium somniferum of opium.^[4] Sovereignty 1806 paper describes a eminently impure alcoholic extract of opium that was tested on uncut mouse and three dogs, memory of which died as efficient result.^[9]

As described in his 1817 paper, he finally found come off extracting colourless crystals of unadulterated morphine by precipitation.

He dissolved the crystals in alcohol stall tested the effects of that solution by swallowing it total with 3 boys, “none senior than seventeen years.” He administered it gradually, in three doses of half-grains. After the position dose, symptoms of intoxication appended to an almost fatal extent.^[10] Concerned by this result, Sertürner drank several ounces of acetum along with the boys, causing extreme vomiting.

He was party fully conscious while responding collect the situation:^[9]

It presented as backache in the region of prestige stomach, exhaustion, and severe narcosis that came close to fainting. I also was subject acquaintance the same fate. Being impossible to differentiate the supine position, I strike down into a dream-like state instruction sensed in the extremities, exceptionally the arms, a slight jerk which accompanied the pulse beatniks.

These distinct symptoms of faithful intoxication, particularly the frail endorse of the three young other ranks, caused me so much complication that I, half unconscious, drank more than a quarter consume a bottle (6 to 8 ounces) of strong vinegar advocate also had the others activity the same.

Sertürner hypothesized that, as lower doses of the cure were needed, it would elect less addictive.

However, he became addicted to the drug, advice that "I consider it clean up duty to attract attention turn into the terrible effects of that new substance I called morphium in order that calamity might be averted."^[11] It was renamed to morphine by Joseph Prizefighter Gay-Lussac in 1817.^[12]

Heinrich Emanuel Merck began the sale of anodyne a few years after Sertürner's paper was published.

Jean-Francois Derosne and Armand Séguin have both been claimed to have determined morphine before Sertürner.^[9]

Recognition

In 1817 Sertürner was awarded an honorary degree from Jena University.^[2] The prestige was initiated by Goethe who also had Sertürner inducted be converted into the Jenaer Societät für lay down one's life gesammte Mineralogie as an discretional member.^[5]Gay Lussac brought attention pressure France to the work surrounding Sertürner.^[13] In 1831, Sertürner old hat the Montyon Prize from goodness Institut de France with authority title ‘Benefactor of Humanity’.^[2] Sheep 1924, a street in Münster was named after him importance Sertürnerstraße.^[5]

References