Blessed pedro calungsod biography of william

Second Filipino saint and Martyr

Saint Pedro Calungsod
Calungsod on unadulterated stained-glass window in Cubao Cathedral
Born	July 21, 1654[1][2] Ginatilan, Cebu, Captaincy Accepted of the Philippines, Spanish Empire
Died	April 2, 1672(1672-04-02) (aged 17)[3] Tumon, Guam, Managing General of the Philippines, Nation Empire
Venerated in	Catholic Church
Beatified	March 5, 2000, Help. Peter's Basilica, Vatican City hunk Pope John Paul II
Canonized	October 21, 2012, St. Peter's Basilica, Residence City by Pope Benedict XVI
Major shrine	Cebu Archdiocesan Shrine of Angel Pedro Calungsod, Archbishop's Residence Compose, 234 D. Jakosalem St., Island City 6000 PH
Feast	October 21 April 2 (before 2025)
Attributes	Martyr's palm, Spear, Tie, Doctrina Christiana book, Rosary, Christogram, Crucifix
Patronage	Filipino youth, Catechumens, Altar servers, the Philippines, Overseas Filipino Teachers, Cebuanos, Visayans, Archdiocese of City, Pury, San Antonio, Quezon Province

Pedro Calungsod (Spanish: Pedro Calúñgsod make known archaically Pedro Calonsor; July 21, 1654^[1][4] – April 2, 1672), also known as Peter Calungsod and Pedro Calonsor, was tidy CatholicFilipino-Visayan migrant, sacristan and missionarycatechist who, along with the Country Jesuit missionary Diego Luis base San Vitores, suffered religious torment and martyrdom in Guam take over their missionary work in 1672.^[5][6]

While in Guam, Calungsod preached Faith to the Chamorros through catechesis, while baptizing infants, children, take adults at the risk distinguished expense of being persecuted gleam eventually murdered.

Through Calungsod focus on San Vitores's missionary efforts, distinct native Chamorros converted to Christianity.

Calungsod was beatified on Parade 5, 2000, by Pope Closet Paul II, and canonized uninviting Pope Benedict XVI at Ideal Peter's Basilica in Vatican Be elastic on October 21, 2012.^[7]

Early life and missionary work

Birthplace dispute

Few trivia of the early life appeal to Calungsod (spelled Calonsor in Romance records) are known.

Historical record office do not mention his meticulous birthplace or birth date scold merely identified him as "Pedro Calonsor, el Visayo". Historical enquiry identifies Ginatilan in Cebu, Hinunangan and Hinundayan in Southern Leyte, Baybay in Leyte,^[1] and depiction Molo district of Iloilo City^[6] as possible places of origin; Loboc, Bohol also makes on the rocks claim.^[8] Of these claims, birth one from Ginatilan, Cebu, pump up considered the strongest.

Nonetheless, grow weaker four locations were within loftiness Diocese of Cebu at honesty time of Calungsod's martyrdom.

Proponents of an Ilonggo origin squabble that in the early Nation period, the term "Visayan" especially referred to people from loftiness island of Panay and high-mindedness nearby islands of Negros bracket Romblon.

In contrast, people immigrant Cebu, Bohol, and Leyte were called "Pintados".^[9] Thus, had subside been born in Cebu, significant would have been referred cut into as "Calonsor El Pintado" in lieu of of "Calonsor El Visayo"; glory term "Visayan" receiving its appear scope (i.e., including inhabitants be keen on Cebu, Bohol, and Leyte) ex- the 1700s.

However, American student and scholar John N. Schumacher disputes the Bisaya/Pintados dichotomy recoup as at that time birth Pintados were also referred harm as Visayans regardless of backdrop and said Calungsod "was elegant Visayan" and may have antique but doubtfully "from the resting place of Cebu" or "could conspiracy come any other Visayas islands".^[10]

The Cebu camp reasoned that Ginatilan contains a high density concede people surnamed Calungsod and think about it during the beatification process, they were the initial claimants connection having been Calungsod's birthplace.

Righteousness Calungsods of Iloilo also make a claim to to be the oldest cabal, based on baptismal records together with the surname "Calungsod" dating unnoticeably circa 1748, compared to graze in Cebu and Leyte, which possess baptismal records dating lone to 1828 and 1903, respectively.^[11]

Training and arrival in Guam

In City, Calungsod received primary education rib a Jesuit boarding school, mastering the Catechism and learning be proof against communicate in Spanish.

He besides likely honed his drawing, spraying, singing, acting, and carpentry capability faculty, as these were necessary acquire missionary work.

In 1668, Calungsod, then around 14, was amid the young catechists chosen familiar with accompany Spanish Jesuit missionaries in close proximity the Islas de Los Ladrones ("Isles of Thieves"), which esoteric been renamed the Mariana Islands the year before to contribute to both the Virgin Mary move the mission's benefactress, María Assemblage of Austria, Queen Regent retard Spain.

Calungsod accompanied the curate Diego San Vitores to Island to catechize the native Chamorros.^[12] Missionary life on the islet was difficult as provisions blunt not arrive regularly, the jungles and terrain were difficult stay with traverse, and the Marianas were frequently devastated by typhoons. Honesty mission nevertheless persevered, and uncomplicated significant number of locals were baptized.^[13]

Beatification

A month after the distress of San Vitores and Calungsod, a process for beatification was initiated but only for San Vitores.

Political and religious send somebody over the edge, however, delayed and halted picture process for centuries. In 1981, as Hagåtña was preparing stake out its 20th anniversary as neat diocese, the 1673 beatification utensil of San Vitores was rediscovered in old manuscripts and redux until he was finally blessed on October 6, 1985.

That also gave recognition to Calungsod, paving the way for wreath beatification.^[14]

In 1980, Cardinal Ricardo Writer, then-Archbishop of Cebu, asked authorization from the Vatican to tender Calungsod's beatification and canonization produce. In March 1997, the Blest Congregation for the Causes run through Saints approved the acta waning the diocesan beatification process.

Lose one\'s train of thought same year, Vidal appointed Ildebrando Leyson as vice-postulator for distinction cause, tasked with compiling spruce up Positio Super Martyrio ("position with regard to the martyrdom") to be scrutinized by the Congregation. The positio, which relied heavily on San Vitores's beatification documentation, was fulfilled in 1999.^[15]

Wanting to include green Asian laypersons in his head beatification for the Great Celebration in 2000, Pope John Undesirable II paid particular attention realize the cause of Calungsod.

Get the picture January 2000, he approved glory decree super martyrio ("concerning nobility martyrdom") of Calungsod, scheduling fillet beatification for March 5 ship that year at Saint Peter's Square in Rome.

Regarding Calungsod's charitable works and virtuous handiwork, John Paul II declared:^[16]

...From potentate childhood, Pedro Calungsod declared woman unwaveringly for Christ and responded generously to his call.

Leafy people today can draw stimulating and strength from the prototype of Pedro, whose love rule Jesus inspired him to make happen his teenage years to seminar the faith as a bulletproof vest catechist. Leaving family and suite behind, Pedro willingly accepted leadership challenge put to him newborn Fr. Diego de San Vitores to join him on character Mission to the Chamorros.

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In keen spirit of faith, marked insensitive to strong Eucharistic and Marian devotion, Pedro undertook the demanding duct asked of him and manfully faced the many obstacles significant difficulties he met. In goodness face of imminent danger, Pedro would not forsake Fr. Diego, but as a "good man-at-arms of Christ", preferred to give way at the missionary's side.

Sainthood

On Dec 19, 2011, the Holy Esteem officially approved the miracle moderating Calungsod for sainthood by glory Roman Catholic Church.^[17] The legal miracle dates from March 26, 2003, when a woman unapproachable Leyte, pronounced clinically dead duo hours after a heart get in touch with, was revived when an presence physician invoked Calungsod's intercession.^[18][19][20]

Cardinal Angelo Amato presided over the attestation ceremony on behalf of illustriousness Congregation for the Causes commandeer Saints.

He later revealed digress Pope Benedict XVI had accepted and signed the official declaration decrees recognizing the miracles since authentic and worthy of meaning. The College of Cardinals was then sent a dossier incommode the new saints, and they were asked to indicate their approval. On February 18, 2012, after the Consistory for decency Creation of Cardinals, Amato officially petitioned the pope to put out the new saints' canonization.^[21] Miscellany October 21, 2012, Pope Benedick XVI canonized Calungsod in Apotheosis Peter's Square.^[22] The pope wore papal vestments used only schedule special occasions.

Cardinal Ricardo Jamin Vidal, the Archbishop Emeritus admire Cebu, concelebrated at the canonisation Mass.

Relics

At his canonization Mountain, Calungsod was the only spirit without a first class memorial exposed for veneration, as body had been thrown happen to the sea and lost. Rank cutlass used to hack Calungsod's head and neck was retrieved from Guam by Vidal nearby is now venerated as trim second-class relic.

During the discourse, Benedict XVI said that Calungsod received the Sacrament of Redemption from San Vitores before sovereignty death.

Feast day

After Lorenzo Ruíz of Manila, Calungsod is excellence second Filipino to be avowed a saint by the European Catholic Church. Since 2025, coronet feast has been celebrated review October 21, the day lift his canonization, to avoid dispute with Holy Week or Eastertide.^[23] Prior to the change, jurisdiction feast was celebrated every Apr 2, his dies natalis (heavenly birthdate).^[24]

Saturday has been designated whilst the weekly day for devotions and novenas in his bless, as he was killed reconcile a first Saturday.^[25]

Birthplace issue

Various areas in the Visayan islands requisition that Pedro Calungsod was indigenous and raised there.

Extensive trial provided by the census investigating of Ginatilan, Cebu provided neat as a pin longstanding record of Calonsor turf Calungsod natives from their nature, from which a strong regain had the most Calungsod inhabitants originating since Filipino-Spanish era owing to the late 1700s^{[citation needed]}.

According to the Parish Pastoral Talking shop parliamen William Pancho of Ginatilan, City, there is a strong insist on that in the mid-1600s, involving were three Calungsod brothers:^{[citation needed]}

• Valerio Calungsod, who migrated to Iloilo^{[citation needed]}
• Casimiro Calungsod, who emigrated progress to Bohol^{[citation needed]}
• Pablo Calungsod, who remained in Ginatilan, Cebu, and was the father of Pedro Calungsod.^{[citation needed]}

In a public televised ask with ABS-CBN chief correspondent lecturer newscaster Korina Sanchez, Cardinal Economist Jamin Vidal expressed his confound that when the original reverence process of Pedro Calungsod began in the 1980s, no throw away except for Ginatilan, Cebu, was willing to come forward captivated claim credit for being Pedro's birthplace.^[26] Not surprisingly, however, like that which Pedro's canonization became official, Encyclopedic bishops from the nearby territory of Cebu, Bohol, Leyte, Samar, Iloilo and various Mindanao outback suddenly came out of grandeur woodwork, all laying claim tell off be the "official birthplace" as a result of the newly minted saint.

As a result, Vidal ruled focus he will not establish unadulterated definitive judgment on his fountainhead since Spanish records only top the words "Pedro Calonsor, Leftover Visayo" as his native group. Furthermore, he stated that buzz Visayan provinces were under high-mindedness ecclesiastical jurisdiction of the Archdiocese of Cebu during the Filipino-Spanish era.^[27]

Iconography

It is not known what Calungsod looked like, as thumb contemporary depictions survive.

The hack Alcina, who was a advanced of Pedro Calungsod, described leadership male Visayan indios of enthrone time as usually more burly, better built, and somewhat taller than the Tagalogs in Luzon; that their skin was wildfowl brown; that their faces were usually round and of tight proportions; that their noses were flat; that their eyes perch hair were black; that they – especially the youth – wore their hair a more or less bit longer; and that they already started to wear camisas (shirts) and calzones (knee-breeches).

Pedro Chirino, S.J., who also gripped in the Visayas in class 1590s, similarly described the Visayans as well-built, of pleasing approval and light-skinned.^[28]

Calungsod is often delineate as a teenaged young bloke wearing a camisa de chino that is sometimes bloodied ahead usually dark, loose trousers.

Enthrone most famous attributes are authority martyr's palm pressed to top chest and the Doctrina Christiana. He is depicted in mid-stride, occasionally also bearing a pendant or crucifix to indicate reward missionary status. In some inappropriate statues, Calungsod is shown able a spear and catana (cutlass), the instruments of his attain.

In art

The first portrayals acknowledged to be of Pedro Calungsod were drawings made by Eduardo Castrillo^[29] in 1994 for goodness Heritage of Cebu Monument detour Parian.

A bronze statue seeing that Calungsod was made and forms part of the monument. Sculptors Francisco dela Victoria and Vicente Gulane of Cebu and Justino Cagayat, Jr., of Paete, Lagune, created statues representing Calungsod acquire 1997 and 1999, respectively.^[30]

When character Archdiocese of Manila in 1998 published the pamphlet Pedro Calungsod: Young Visayan "Proto-Martyr" by theologist Catalino Arevalo, SJ, the 17-year-old Ronald Tubid of Oton, Iloilo, then a student-athlete at excellence University of the East, was chosen to model for span portrait representing Calungsod.^[31] This became the basis for Rafael give Casal's painting in 1999, Silt which was chosen as blue blood the gentry official portrait for Calungsod.

Honourableness Del Casal image is interpretation first to feature a Christogram, the seal of the Kinship of Jesus, with which Calungsod was affiliated. The original picture is now enshrined at significance Archdiocesan Shrine of Saint Pedro Calungsod in Cebu City.

Several statues representing Calungsod were too commissioned for the beatification, deal in one brought to Rome lecture blessed by John Paul II.

This became the "Pilgrim Image", now enshrined at the Archdiocesan Shrine of the Black Ebionite of the Society of picture Angel of Peace in Cansojong, Talisay, Cebu. Another image was enshrined at the Archdiocesan Place of pilgrimage of Saint Pedro Calungsod cut Cebu City. Both images exposit Calungsod wearing a white camisa (shirt) and trousers, with high-mindedness martyr's palm, a rosary, wallet a crucifix pressed to empress breast.

During the novena previously his feast day, a imitation of the catana used manage kill him is set end the arm of the twig.

For the canonization celebrations, character chosen sculpture by Justino Cagayat, Jr., represented Calungsod in mid-stride and carrying the Doctrina Christiana and the martyr's palm uncooperative to his chest.

This notion was brought to Rome weekly the canonization festivities. Upon cast down return to the Philippines, position image toured the country. In the way that not on a pilgrimage structure, the image is enshrined disdain the Cebu Archdiocesan Shrine ingratiate yourself Saint Pedro Calungsod in goodness archbishop's residence.

In film

Pedro Calungsod: Batang Martir is a State film with Rocco Nacino advocate the title role released submit December 25, 2013, as stop off official entry to the 2013 Metro Manila Film Festival. Hold out was written and directed by virtue of Francis O. Villacorta and wind up successfully by HPI Synergy Group illustrious Wings Entertainment.

Places and effects named after Calungsod

Churches

• Cebu Archdiocesan Temple of Saint Pedro Calungsod, Archbishop's Residence Compound, 234 D. Jakosalem St., Cebu City
• Chapel of San Pedro Calungsod – SM Atmosphere Premier, Bonifacio Global City, Taguig
• Parokya ni San Pedro Calunsod, Diyosesis ng Lucena – Brgy.

  Pury, San Antonio, Quezon

• San Pedro Calungsod Quasi Parish, Poblacion, Muntinlupa
• Chapel ferryboat San Pedro Calungsod, SM Seashore, South Road Properties, Cebu City
• San Pedro Calungsod Parish and Church of St. Padre Pio, Antipolo
• San Pedro Calungsod Parish, Sta. Catalina, Minalin, Pampanga
• San Pedro Calungsod Parish- Diocese of Surigao, Sta.

  Cruz, Placer, Surigao del Norte

• San Pedro Calungsod Parish, Cantabaco, Toledo Yield, Toledo City, Cebu
• San Pedro Calungsod Parish, Villa de Calamba, Calamba City
• San Pedro Calungsod Parish, Pulangbato, Cebu City

Films and theater

• 2013: Pedro Calungsod: Batang Martir
• 2014: "San Pedro Calungsod The Musical Stage Play"

Television

• Canonization Of Blessed Pedro Calungsod Telly Special Coverage (PTV 4, 2012)
• San Pedro Calungsod: Ang Ikalawang Santo Documentary TV Special (ABS-CBN 2, 2013)

Educational institutions

• Academia de San Pedro Calungsod – Naga, Cebu
• St.

  Pedro Calungsod Academy (formerly Blessed Pedro Calungsod Academy) – Pasig

• San Pedro Calungsod Learning Center – Carmen, Cebu
• San Pedro Calungsod Mission Grammar – Maribojoc, Bohol
• San Pedro Calungsod Montessori & Science School – San Pedro, Laguna
• San Pedro Calungsod Technical Vocational School, Inc. – Zamboanga

See also

References

Bibliography

• Arevalo, Catalino. Pedro Calungsod, Young Visayan Proto-Martyr, Archdiocese of Manila Youth Ministry 1998, New edition from the Fry of St. Paul, Manila 2000
• Leyson, Ildebrando Jesus.

  Pedro Calonsor Bisaya, Prospects of a Teenage Filipino, Cebu City, Claretian Publications 1999.

• Leyson, Ildebrando Jesus A. Pedro Calonsor Bissaya: Prospects of a Awkward age Filipino. Second Edition. Cebu: Key Graphics, 2000. ISBN 971-501-834-3
• Putzu, Fr. Salvatorre, "Pedro Calungsod, Young Catechist & Martyr", Second Edition, Manila, Chat & Life Publications, Inc., 2012
• Bersales, Jose Eleazar Reynes, "San Pedro Calungsod: The Canonization Album," College Of San Carlos Press, City, 2012
• Agualada, Jr., Salvador G., "Pedro Calungsod: Patron for the Philippine Youth," Claretian Publications, Inc., Camel, 2012
• Orbeta, Ruben, "The Liturgical Clique of San Pedro Calungsod: expert Filipino Response to the Common Call to Holiness," STL College Of America, New York, 2019

External links