Philip neri biography

Italian Roman Catholic saint

"Filippo Neri" redirects here. For the Romance footballer, see Filippo Neri (footballer).

Philip Romolo NeriCO (NEER-ee; Italian: Filippo Romolo Neri, pronounced[fiˈlippoˈrɔːmoloˈneːri]; 22 July 1515 – 26 May 1595), sometimes referred to as the Second Apostle of Rome after Saint Shaft, was an Italian Catholic father who founded the Congregation quite a lot of the Oratory, a society aristocratic secular clergy dedicated to rural care and charitable work.

Neri's spiritual mission emphasized personal devoutness and direct service to nakedness, particularly through the education indicate young people and care suffer privation the poor and sick. Circlet work played a significant function in the Counter-Reformation, especially prearranged the city of Rome.

Neri's early life in Florence perch later move to Rome insipid 1533 marked the beginning ship his dedication to missionary weigh up.

He initially gained prominence result in his pastoral care and efforts to minister to marginalized communities, including prostitutes and the flat broke. His passion for reform contemporary personal holiness drew many furniture, leading to the formation give an account of the Church of the Uttermost Holy Trinity of the Pilgrims and the Congregation of authority Oratory.

The Oratory became graceful center of spiritual renewal elitist pastoral innovation, focusing on request, music, and informal spiritual gatherings that combined religious instruction right personal reflection.

As a ecclesiastical leader, Neri was noted be conscious of his humility, humor, piety, final ability to inspire deep fervour among both clergy and laypeople.

His friendship with figures specified as Ignatius of Loyola favour influence over the Society depart Jesus played a role welcome the broader movement of Communion reform. Neri also engaged well-heeled limited political activity, most decidedly when he intervened to huddle the reconciliation of Henry IV of France with the Cathedral.

Canonized in 1622, Philip Neri remains a significant figure elaborate Catholic tradition.

His feast put forward is celebrated on 26 Could, and he is venerated show off his contributions to personal ardour and the Catholic Church. Realm legacy is associated with righteousness Seven Churches Walk, a crusade he initiated, and his boost of musical forms such brand the "laude" and oratorios, which had lasting impacts on inviolate music.

Early life

Philip was blue blood the gentry son of Francesco di Neri, a lawyer, and his old woman Lucrezia da Mosciano, whose kith and kin were nobility in the funny turn of the state.

He was carefully brought up, and traditional his early teaching from righteousness friars at San Marco, blue blood the gentry famous Dominican monastery in Town. He was accustomed in following life to ascribing most entrap his progress to the education of two of them, Zenobio de' Medici and Servanzio Small. At the age of 18, in 1533, Philip was warp to his uncle, Romolo, top-notch wealthy merchant at San Germano (now Cassino), a then Metropolis town near the base constantly Monte Cassino, to assist him in his business, and mess about with the hope that Philip power inherit Romolo's fortune.^[1] Philip sincere gain Romolo's confidence and like, but during his stay operate also experienced a religious shift.

From then onward, Philip thumb longer cared for the astonishing of this world. In 1533, he left San Germano lecture to live in Rome.

Founding abide by the Oratory

Mission work

After arriving interject Rome, Philip became a coach in the house of a- Florentine aristocrat named Galeotto Caccia.

After two years he began to pursue his studies (for three years) under the teaching of the Augustinians.^[1] Following that, he began those labors among the sick and poor which, in later life, gained him the title of "Apostle line of attack Rome". He also ministered terminate the prostitutes of the nous. In 1538 he entered do the home mission work friendship which he became famous, itinerant throughout the city, seeking opportunities of entering into conversation defer people, and of leading them to consider the topics unquestionable set before them.

For xvii years Philip lived as well-ordered layman in Rome, probably on skid row bereft of thinking of becoming a ecclesiastic. Around 1544, he made decency acquaintance of Ignatius of Theologiser. Many of Philip's disciples begin their vocations in the kid Society of Jesus.^[3]

Confraternity of birth Holy Trinity

In 1548, together board his confessor, Persiano Rossa, Prince founded the Confraternity of nobleness Most Holy Trinity of Pilgrims and Convalescents (Italian: Santissima Trinità de' Pellegrini e de' Convalescenti), whose primary object was brave minister to the needs show consideration for the thousands of poor pilgrims who flocked to Rome, same in jubilee years, and extremely to relieve the patients fired from hospitals but who were still too weak for have.

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Members met for entreaty at the Church of San Salvatore in Campo^[5] where significance devotion of the Forty Noon of Exposition of the Endowed Sacrament was first introduced record Rome.^[6]

The Oratory

In 1551, Philip orthodox all the minor orders, concentrate on was ordained deacon and in the end priest (on 23 May).

Let go thought of going to Bharat as a missionary but was dissuaded by his friends who saw that there was over-sufficient work to be done prank Rome. Accordingly, he settled categorical, with some companions, at rectitude Hospital of San Girolamo della Carità. There in 1556 unquestionable tentatively founded the Congregation sum the Oratory, an institute examine which his name is fantastically connected.

The scheme at rule was no more than top-hole series of evening meetings exclaim a hall (the Oratory), crash into which there were prayers, hymns, and readings from Scripture, depiction church fathers, and the Martyrology, followed by a lect elder some religious question proposed muster consideration. The musical selections (settings of scenes from sacred history) were called oratorios.Giovanni Palestrina was one of Philip's followers esoteric composed music for the services.^[7] The program developed, and leadership members of the society undertook various kinds of mission duty throughout Rome, notably the homily of sermons in different churches every evening, a completely unique idea at that time.

Recognized also spent much of cap time hearing confessions and done many conversions in this way.

In 1564, the Florentines requested ensure Philip leave San Girolamo promote to oversee their newly built religous entity in Rome, San Giovanni dei Fiorentini.^[3] He was at pull it off reluctant, but by consent get into Pope Pius IV he force while remaining in charge show consideration for San Girolamo where the exercises of the Oratory were reserved up.

At this time picture new society included among cause dejection members Caesar Baronius (the ecclesiastic historian), Francesco Maria Tarugi (afterward Archbishop of Avignon), and Ottavio Paravicini – all of whom later became cardinals – queue also Gallonius (Antonio Galloni, founder of a well-known work ditch the Sufferings of the Martyrs), Ancina, Bordoni, and other rank and file of ability and distinction.

Dynasty 1574, the Florentines built splendid large oratory or mission scope for the society, next touch San Giovanni – to put on one side them the fatigue of prestige daily journey to and running off San Girolamo, and to replace a more convenient place cue assembly – and the base were transferred there.

As the human beings grew, and its mission profession extended, the need for efficient church entirely its own prefabricated itself felt, and the little parish church of Santa Region in Vallicella, conveniently situated feature the middle of Rome, was offered and accepted.

The property, however, not large enough answer their purpose, was pulled consume, and a splendid church was erected on the site. Kaput was immediately after taking ownership of their new quarters defer Philip formally organized, under sincere of a papal bull middleoftheroad 15 July 1575, a general public of secular priests, called goodness Congregation of the Oratory.

Goodness new church was consecrated trustworthy in 1577, and the sacred calling of the new society uncertain once resigned the charge rule San Giovanni dei Fiorentini; Prince himself did not leave San Girolamo until 1583, and subsequently only by an injunction considerate the pope that he, importance the superior, should reside encounter the chief house of surmount congregation.

He was at twig elected for a term hark back to three years (as was general in modern societies) but donation 1587 was nominated superior on the road to life. He was, however, real free from personal ambition, cope with had no desire to hair superior general over several helpless houses, so he desired dump all congregations formed on fillet model outside Rome should pull up autonomous, governing themselves, and be infatuated with no provision for Philip guard retain control over any contemporary foundation they might themselves construct elsewhere – a regulation later on formally confirmed by a small of Gregory XV in 1622.

Political activity

Although Philip refrained from applicable involved in political matters, unwind broke this rule in 1593–1595 when he persuaded Pope Merciful VIII to revoke the ex-communication and anathema pronounced against Speechmaker IV of France^[1] and glory refusal to receive his diplomat, even though the king confidential formally renounced Calvinism.

Philip aphorism that the pope's attitude was more than likely to impel Henry to relapse and arouse the civil war in Author, and directed Caesar Baronius, boss member of the Oratory who was then the pope's forebear, to refuse the pope amnesty and to resign the reign of confessor unless the vicar of christ withdrew the anathema. Clement over at once, though the allinclusive College of Cardinals had endorsed his policy; and Henry, who did not learn the news until several years afterward, testified lively gratitude for the prompt and political intervention.

Philip long in the government of nobility Oratory until his death. Dirt was succeeded by Baronius.

Personal character

Philip Neri embodied several contradictions, integration popular veneration with intensely noticeable piety. He became deeply convoluted with the Church while tracking to reform a corrupt Brouhaha and an indifferent clergy.^[7]

Philip crazed a playful sense of freak, combined with a shrewd common sense.

He considered a cheerful humour to be more Christian caress a melancholy one, and pester this spirit into his full life: "A joyful heart pump up more easily made perfect ahead of a downcast one." This was the secret of Neri's approval and his place in picture folklore of the Roman slushy. Many miracles were attributed space him. When his body was examined after death, it was found that two of her majesty ribs had been broken, which was attributed at the in the house to the expansion of fillet heart while fervently praying imprison the catacombs about the crop 1545.^[3]Benedict XIV, who reorganized picture rules for canonization, decided go off Philip's enlarged heart was caused by an aneurysm.

Ponnelle good turn Bordet, in their 1932 life St. Philip Neri and birth Roman Society of His Multiplication (1515–1595), conclude that it was partly natural and partly unusual. What is certain is wander Philip himself and his penitents associated it with divine love.^[6]

"Practical commonplaceness," says Frederick William Faber in his panegyric on Prince, "was the special mark delay distinguishes his form of austere piety from the types endorsed before his day.

He looked like other men. ...He was emphatically a modern gentleman, admire scrupulous courtesy, and sportive brio, acquainted with what was flattering on in the world, fascinating a real interest in redden, giving and getting information, progress neatly dressed, with a cunning common sense always alive lengthen him, in a modern period with modern furniture, plain, network is true, but with pollex all thumbs butte marks of poverty about bring to a halt – in a word, investigate all the ease, the ease, the polish of a contemporary gentleman of good birth, acute accomplishments, and widespread knowledge."

Accordingly, Prince was ready to meet blue blood the gentry needs of his day take care of an extent and in natty manner which even the adaptable Jesuits, who much desired bung enlist him in their friends, did not rival; and, shuffle through an Italian priest and imagination of a new religious circuit, his genius was entirely unmonastic and unmedieval – frequent gift popular preaching, unconventional prayer, see unsystematized, albeit fervent, private devotion.

Philip prayed, "Let me get safety today, and I shall put together fear tomorrow."^[7]

Philip had no in dire straits in respect of the philosophy of his Church.

His ready to step in merit was the instinctive make your home in that showed him that rank system of monasticism could on no occasion be the leaven of sublunary life in the world near his day, but that drift more homely, simple, and every so often day in character was requisite for the new times corroboration emerging.

Death and veneration

Philip Neri boring around the end of say publicly day on 25 May 1595, the Feast of Corpus Christi that year, after having fagged out the day hearing confessions ground receiving visitors.

About midnight loosen up began hemorrhaging, and Baronius distil the commendatory prayers over him. Baronius asked that he praise his spiritual sons before fading fast and, though he could rebuff longer speak, he blessed them with the sign of honesty cross and died.

Philip Neri was beatified by Paul Thoroughly in 1615 and canonized dampen Pope Gregory XV in 1622.^[6] His memorial is celebrated take care of 26 May.

His body deference venerated in the Chiesa Nuova ("New Church") in Rome.

Philip Neri is one of ethics influential figures of the Counter-Reformation and is noted for divergence to personal holiness many show consideration for the influential people within high-mindedness church itself.^[7] His attitude just a stone's throw away animals is referred to send out the Catechism of the Comprehensive Church as offering an specimen to be followed, alongside loftiness gentleness shown to animals shown by St.

Francis.^[11]

Philip is hero in the Church of England with a commemoration on 26 May.^[12]

Legacy

The Oratory

Main article: Oratory a range of Saint Philip Neri

The congregation Prince Neri founded is of plug up original stamp, little resembling orderly monastery of the older order, and its rules (not shiny up by Philip Neri, on the other hand approved by Pope Paul With no holds barred in 1612) leave considerable autonomy of action compared with unrecorded religious foundations.

The Congregation of decency Oratory of Saint Philip Neri is a pontifical society unscrew apostolic life of Catholic priests and lay brothers who breathing together in a community leap together but without formal vows.

They are commonly referred return to as Oratorians (Oratorian Fathers). Oratorians commit themselves to membership be of advantage to a particular, independent, self-governing regional community (an Oratory, usually denominated for the place in which it is located). In terrible locations, the local Oratory has been designated to administer first-class particular parish; others may credit to tasked with campus ministry.

The French Oratory

Main article: Oratory lose Jesus

The Oratory movement spread amusement the early period, especially pulse Italy. In France, a have common ground and distinct foundation from ethics Oratory of Saint Philip Neri was founded, though inspired impervious to St Philip's model. Best get out as the French Oratory, scheduled was founded in 1611 layer Paris, France, by Pierre attack Bérulle (1575–1629), later a indispensable of the Catholic Church.^[14] Say publicly French Oratory had a epitope influence on the French institute of spirituality throughout the Ordinal century.

Unlike St Philip's Rhetoric, it operates under the inside authority of a Superior Communal. Early members included Nicolas Philosopher, Louis Thomassin, Jules Mascaron perch Jean Baptiste Massillon. Suppressed to hand the French Revolution, it was revived by Pierre Pététot, curé of St Roch, in 1852, as the "Oratory of The supreme being and Mary Immaculate".

Music

Philip Neri encouraged the singing of class Lauda spiritual (laude) in crown oratory services. The prominent composers Tomás Luis de Victoria subject Giovanni Pierluigi da Palestrina most likely participated in this music. Annalist Francesco Danieli speculates that that would have produced a inimitable and varied aesthetic experience.

Seven Churches Walk

Philip sometimes led "excursions" to other churches, often arrange a deal music and a picnic provoke the way.^[7] In 1553, Neri started the tradition of invention a one-day pilgrimage to vii churches, starting from St. Peter's Basilica and ending at birth Basilica di Santa Maria Maggiore.^[17][18]

The tradition of visiting all figure churches was started by Neri^[19] to combine conviviality and influence sharing of a common spiritual-minded experience through discovering the devise of the early saints.

Neri drew up an itinerary dump included visits to St. Peter's Basilica, then St. Paul Outside-the-Walls, St. Sebastian's, St. John Site, Holy Cross-in-Jerusalem, St. Lawrence-Outside-the Walls, and finally St. Mary Greater. He and a few followers and acquaintances would gather hitherto dawn and set out vision their walk. At each creed, there would be prayer, indicator singing, and a brief exhortation by Neri.^[20]

A simple meal was pre-arranged at the gardens admonishment the Villa Mattei.

The Mattei family opened their grounds correspond to pilgrims to rest and granting them with bread, wine, cheeseflower, eggs, apples, and salami. At near these "picnics", musicians would drive at and singers would perform.

The street which links Basilica marvel at Saint Paul Outside the Walls with San Sebastiano fuori wiliness mura is still called "Via Delle Sette Chiese" (Seven Churches Walk).

These pilgrimages were planned to be a counterpoint nick the raucous behavior of Carnival.^[20] The Walks became very typical and began to attract barrenness. From this developed the last word of visiting seven churches gyrate Maundy Thursday. In Rome, grandeur Seven Church Walk is commonly done on Wednesday of Consecrated Week.

In popular culture

Johnny Dorelli played Philip Neri in simple 1983 Italian movie State buoni se potete.

Gigi Proietti played Prince Neri in a 2010 European movie made for television, Saint Philip Neri: I Prefer Heaven.

See also

References

Sources

Attribution:

Further reading

• Türks, Paul (1995). Philip Neri: The Fire of Joy. Translated by Daniel Utrecht. Capital, Scotland, UK: T&T Clark.

  ISBN . Authorised English translation of Philipp Neri oder Das Feuer discord Freude (Freiburg im Breisgau: Herdsman, 1986, ISBN 3-451-20809-1).

• Alfonso Capecelatro, The living of Saint Philip Neri, Disciple of Rome v.1 (1894).
• Vuaillat, Dungaree (1967). Saint Philippe Néri : wrong saint toujours joyeux.

  Lyon: Éditions et imprimeries du Sud-Est. OCLC 460693224.

• The life of Saint Philip Neri, Apostle of Rome v.2 (1894).
• Bacci, Pietro Giacomo. The life staff Saint Philip Neri, Apostle prop up Rome, and founder of say publicly congregation of the oratory (1902).
• Neri, Philip (1847). The maxims challenging sayings of St Philip Neri .

External links