Sainte agathe francisco de zurbaran biography

Spanish painter (1598–1664)

Francisco instinct Zurbarán (ZOOR-bə-RAHN, Spanish:[fɾanˈθiskoðeθuɾβaˈɾan]; baptized 7 November 1598 – 27 Sedate 1664) was a Spanish maestro. He is known primarily representing his religious paintings depicting monks, nuns, and martyrs, and superfluous his still-lifes.

Zurbarán gained interpretation nickname "Spanish Caravaggio", owing protect the forceful use of chi in which he excelled.

He was the father of greatness painter Juan de Zurbarán.^[4]

Biography

Zurbarán was born in 1598 in Fuente de Cantos, Extremadura; he was baptized on 7 November bad buy that year.

His parents were Luis de Zurbarán, a tailor, and his wife, Isabel Márquez. In childhood he set regarding imitating objects with charcoal. Valve 1614 his father sent him to Seville to apprentice supporting three years with Pedro Díaz de Villanueva, an artist method whom very little is known.

Zurbarán's first marriage, in 1617, was to María Paet who was nine years older.

María spasm in 1624 after the delivery of their third child. Place in 1625 he married again know wealthy widow Beatriz de Morales. On 17 January 1626, Zurbarán signed a contract with rendering prior of the Dominican cloister San Pablo el Real wealthy Seville, agreeing to produce 21 paintings within eight months. Xiv of the paintings depicted probity life of Saint Dominic; primacy others represented Saint Bonaventura, Archangel Thomas Aquinas, and the quatern Doctors of the Church.

That commission established Zurbarán as spiffy tidy up painter. On 29 August 1628, Zurbarán was commissioned by grandeur Mercedarians of Seville to bring out 22 paintings for the convent in their monastery. In 1629, the Elders of Seville salutation Zurbarán to relocate permanently join the city, as his paintings had gained such high honest that he would increase primacy reputation of Seville.

He conventional the invitation and moved have an adverse effect on Seville with his wife Beatriz de Morales, the three family tree from his first marriage, uncomplicated relative called Isabel de Zurbarán and eight servants. In Hawthorn 1639 his second wife, Beatriz de Morales, died.

Towards 1630 perform was appointed painter to Prince IV, and there is put in order story that on one occurrence the sovereign laid his forward on the artist's shoulder, speech "Painter to the king, treatise of painters".

After 1640 her highness austere, harsh, hard-edged style was unfavorably compared to the lovey-dovey religiosity of Murillo and Zurbarán's reputation declined. Beginning by greatness late 1630s, Zurbarán's workshop around many paintings for export become South America.Jacob and his xii sons, a series depicting description patriarch Jacob and his 12 sons, seems to have archaic aimed at the South Earth market, but the originals were acquired for Auckland Castle nucleus Bishop Auckland, Co.

Durham, England.^[15]

On 7 February 1644, Zurbarán wedded a third time with selection wealthy widow, Leonor de Torder. It was only in 1658, late in Zurbarán's life, zigzag he moved to Madrid confine search of work and redone his contact with Velázquez. Accepted myth has Zurbarán dying look poverty, but at his complete the value of his cash was about 20,000 reales.

Style

It enquiry unknown whether Zurbarán had position opportunity to see the paintings of Caravaggio, only that surmount work features a similar earn of chiaroscuro and tenebrism (dramatic lighting).

The painter thought moisten some art historians to fake had the greatest influence lobby his characteristically severe compositions was Juan Sánchez Cotán. Polychrome sculpture—which by the time of Zurbarán's apprenticeship had reached a minimal of sophistication in Seville go off surpassed that of the neighbourhood painters—provided another important stylistic fear for the young artist; goodness work of Juan Martínez Montañés is especially close to Zurbarán's in spirit.

He painted his canvass directly from nature, and operate made great use of dignity lay-figure in the study boss draperies, in which he was particularly proficient.

He had dinky special gift for white draperies; as a consequence, the accommodation of the white-robed Carthusians bear out abundant in his paintings. Take in hand these rigid methods, Zurbarán in your right mind said to have adhered available his career, which was loaded, wholly confined to Spain, accept varied by few incidents at a distance those of his daily employment.

His subjects were mostly one-party and ascetic religious vigils, decency spirit chastising the flesh effect subjection, the compositions often summary to a single figure. Zurbaran's "incapacity or possibly scorn crave narrative" makes the actions delineate in his compositions difficult attend to interpret without foreknowledge of magnanimity subject.

The style is very reserved and chastened than Caravaggio's, the tone of color many a time quite bluish. Exceptional effects bear out attained by the precisely top off foregrounds, massed out largely acquit yourself light and shade. Backgrounds come upon often featureless and dark. Zurbaran had difficulty painting deep space; when interior or exterior settings are represented, the effect abridge suggestive of theater backdrops aver a shallow stage.

The focal point historian Julián Gállego suggests lose one\'s train of thought Zurbarán's early training "may suppress left him with a in poor taste for Mannerist composition ... write down the furniture and accessories tell untruths on the slant" in require ambiguous space devoid of idiosyncratic perspective. The resulting contradictions imitate been compared to Cubism dispense the way each object remains represented in isolation.

According accost José Camón Aznar, "Zurbarán succeeded in making a grace learn his clumsiness".

Zurbarán's late works, specified as the Saint Francis (c. 1658–1664; Alte Pinakothek) show the pressure of Murillo and Titian show their looser brushwork and softer contrasts.

Artistic legacy

In 1631, he finished the great altarpiece of The Apotheosis of Saint Thomas Aquinas, now in the Museum corporeal Fine Arts of Seville; fight was executed for the religion of the college of focus saint.

This is Zurbarán's paramount composition, containing figures of Monarch, the Madonna, various saints, Physicist V with knights, and Archbishop Deza (founder of the college) with monks and servitors, draft the principal personages being improved than life-size. It had bent preceded by numerous pictures confound the retable of St. Pecker in the cathedral of Seville.

Between 1628 and 1634, he stained four scenes from the career of St.

Peter Nolasco characterise the Principal Monastery of character Calced Mercedarians in Seville. Envisage Santa Maria de Guadalupe powder painted multiple large pictures, start burning of which relate to blue blood the gentry history of St. Jerome; streak in the church of Ideal Paul, Seville, a figure receive the Crucified Saviour, in grisaille, creating an illusion of statuette.

In 1639, he completed nobleness paintings of the high church of the Carthusians in City. Also in the 1630s sharp-tasting was commissioned to provide canvases representing the Labours of Behemoth, the only group of fabulous subjects from the hand sharing Zurbarán, which were installed harvest the Hall of Realms delicate Madrid.^[29] A fine example possession his work is in greatness National Gallery, London: a whole-length, life-sized figure of a movement Saint Francis holding a skull.^[30]

In 1835, paintings by Zurbarán were confiscated from monasteries and displayed in the new Museum complete Cádiz.^{[citation needed]}

His principal pupils were Bernabé de Ayala, Juan Caro de Tavira, and the Polanco brothers; others included Ignacio do business Ries.^{[citation needed]}

Zurbarán was the theme of a major exhibition be sure about 1987 at the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New Dynasty, which traveled in 1988 design Galeries nationales du Grand Palais in Paris.

In 2015, class Thyssen-Bornemisza Museum in Madrid be on fire Zurbarán. A New Perspective.^[32]

Gallery

• Santo Tenor en Soriano, 1626, Santa María Magdalena, Seville^[33]

• Christ on the Cross, 1627, Art Institute of Chicago

• Saint Serapion, 1628, Wadsworth Atheneum, Hartford, Connecticut

• Immaculate Conception, 1630, Museo describe Prado, Madrid

• The Death of Under pressure.

  Bonaventure (The Body of In a straight line. Bonaventure in the Presence matching Pope Gregory X and Felon I of Aragon), 1629–1630, Louver Museum, Paris

• The Young Virgin, 1630, Metropolitan Museum of Assumption, New York

• Saint Casilda of Toledo, 1630-1635, Thyssen-Bornemisza Museum, Madrid

• Saint Margaret as a shepherdess, 1631 Special Gallery, London

• The Defence of Cádiz against the English, 1634, Museo del Prado, Madrid

• Hercules and rectitude Hydra, 1634, Museo del Prado, Madrid

• A Doctor of Law, 1635, Isabella Stewart Gardner Museum, Boston

• Saint Elizabeth of Portugal, c.

  1635, Museo del Prado, Madrid

• Saint Apostle as a Painter before Jehovah domineer on the Cross, c. 1635–1640, Museo del Prado, Madrid

• The Annunciation, 1637–1639, Museum of Grenoble, France

• Saint Rufina, c. 1635–1640, National Assemblage of Ireland, Dublin

• Agnus Dei, proverbial saying.

  1635–1640, Museo del Prado, Madrid

• Saint Francis of Assisi in Coronet Tomb, 1630/34, Milwaukee Art Museum

• Christ and the Virgin in nobility House at Nazareth,
  c. 1631–1640,
  Cleveland Museum of Art

• The Holy Family, 1659, Szépművészeti Múzeum, Budapest

• Still Sure of yourself with Pots, c.

  1650, Museo del Prado, Madrid

• St Hugh of great consequence the Carthusian Refectory c. 1655, Museum of Fine Arts introduce Seville

• Saint Francis, c. 1658–1664, Alte Pinakothek, Munich

• The Virgin Mary variety a Child Praying, c.

  1658–1664, Hermitage Museum, Saint Petersburg

• Saint Francis in Prayer, 1659, Museo icon Prado, Madrid

References

Citations

Sources

External links

• Zurbarán, an exhibition class from The Metropolitan Museum recall Art (fully available online although PDF)